Rosalind Elsie Franklin

 

Rosalind Elsie Franklin (1920–1958) was a British chemist and X-ray crystallographer. Her groundbreaking work significantly contributed to our understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite.

1. DNA Structure: Franklin’s research on X-ray diffraction images of DNA, particularly Photo 51, played a crucial role in the discovery of the DNA double helix. This breakthrough eventually led to the Nobel Prize awarded to Francis Crick, James Watson, and Maurice Wilkins in 1962.

2. Recognition: Unfortunately, during her lifetime, Franklin’s contributions to DNA structure were not fully recognized. She has been called the “wronged heroine,” the “dark lady of DNA,” and a “forgotten heroine” due to this oversight.

3. Career Path: Franklin earned her PhD from Cambridge in 1945, focusing on the physical chemistry of solid organic colloids (including coal). She later became an accomplished X-ray crystallographer in Paris and joined King’s College London, where her work on DNA was pivotal.

4. Legacy: Although she didn’t receive a Nobel Prize, her impact on science remains significant. Franklin’s dedication and scientific rigor continue to inspire researchers worldwide.

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